Gastrointestinal cause → dark red, coffee colored blood comes from the GI tract
Physical trauma, that is not respiratory or cardiovascularly related
Drug induced
Patient information
What can make you cough up blood?
The main things we're worried about is it's relating to your breathing, or your blood. It could also be something coughed up from the GI tract, but that's more likely to be vomited up. Trauma can also cause problems. Breathing is essentially anything you can think of that'll cause a violent cough. So infections, foreign body aspiration, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism.
How about blood?
So any bleeding disorders. If you're using drugs, that can cause it. Heart failure.
Classification
Considered massive, if there is >300mL of blood lost in the last 24 hours
DDx
Bloody mucus from the sinus or nose, can be misidentified as hemoptysis → may indicate nasal or sinus cancer, or sinus infection
Ix
HPC of blood:
Is blood coughed up or vomited → source
Whether color is blood-streaked, fresh blood, frothy pink, bloody gelatinous → source
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